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Inside the Globus INK: a mechanical navigation computer for Soviet spaceflight The Soviet space program used completely different controls and instruments from American spacecraft. One of the most interesting navigation instruments onboard Soyuz...

Inside the Globus INK: a mechanical navigation computer for Soviet spaceflight

The Soviet space program used completely different controls and instruments from American spacecraft. One of the most interesting navigation instruments onboard Soyuz spacecraft was the Globus, which used a rotating globe to indicate the spacecraft’s position above the Earth. This navigation instrument was an electromechanical analog computer that used an elaborate system of gears, cams, and differentials to compute the spacecraft’s position. Officially, the unit was called a “space navigation indicator” with the Russian acronym ИНК (INK),1 but I’ll use the more descriptive nickname “Globus”.

Source: righto.com
u.s.s.r. soviet union space
Attosecond field emission Field emission of electrons underlies great advances in science and technology, ranging from signal processing at ever higher frequencies1 to imaging of the atomic-scale structure of matter2 with picometre resolution. The...

Attosecond field emission

Field emission of electrons underlies great advances in science and technology, ranging from signal processing at ever higher frequencies1 to imaging of the atomic-scale structure of matter2 with picometre resolution. The advancing of electron microscopy techniques to enable the complete visualization of matter on the native spatial (picometre) and temporal (attosecond) scales of electron dynamics calls for techniques that can confine and examine the field emission on sub-femtosecond time intervals. Intense laser pulses have paved the way to this end3,4 by demonstrating femtosecond confinement5,6 and sub-optical cycle control7,8 of the optical field emission9 from nanostructured metals. Yet the measurement of attosecond electron pulses has remained elusive. We used intense, sub-cycle light transients to induce optical field emission of electron pulses from tungsten nanotips and a weak replica of the same transient to directly investigate the emission dynamics in real time. Access to the temporal properties of the electron pulses rescattering off the tip surface, including the duration τ = (53 as ± 5 as) and chirp, and the direct exploration of nanoscale near fields open new prospects for research and applications at the interface of attosecond physics and nano-optics.

Source: nature.com
physics
Broken Genes And Scrambled Proteins: How Radiation Causes Biological Damage If decades of cheesy sci-fi and pop culture have taught us anything, it’s that radiation is a universally bad thing that invariably causes the genetic mutations that gifted...

Broken Genes And Scrambled Proteins: How Radiation Causes Biological Damage

If decades of cheesy sci-fi and pop culture have taught us anything, it’s that radiation is a universally bad thing that invariably causes the genetic mutations that gifted us with everything from Godzilla to Blinky the Three-Eyed Fish. There’s a kernel of truth there, of course. One only needs to look at pictures of what happened to Hiroshima survivors or the first responders at Chernobyl to see extreme examples of what radiation can do to living tissues.

But as is usually the case, a closer look at examples a little further away from the extremes can be instructive, and tell us a little more about how radiation, both ionizing and non-ionizing, can cause damage to biochemical structures and processes.

Source: hackaday.com
biology radiation
stra-tek
stra-tek

Kobayashi Maru Deep Dive

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Ever since 1982's Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan established an unwinnable test of character for potential starship captains, fans have been curious about the "real" Kobayashi Maru... if there ever was one. Fan publications and beta canon have provided plenty of contradictory answers over the years...

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Rodger Sorenson's 1983 Kobayashi Maru - Neutronic Fuel Carrier blueprint pack version would go on to be the basis of canon versions of the Kobayashi Maru, from 2009 onwards. The pack would be sent to the Star Trek (2009) design team at ILM along with the cover of Julie Ecklar's novel seen further below to establish a "look" for the ship, which would be depicted on-screen for the first time when we see Kirk's third and final attempt.

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David Nilsen's Book of S.S. Kobayashi Maru Plans blueprint pack was also published in 1983. His version of the S.S. Kobayashi Maru and her backstory was transplanted uptime to 2155 and featured in the 2008 ENT novel Kobayashi Maru by Andy Mangals and Michael A. Martin. It's a repurposed Klingon ship, and in the novel the Kobayashi Maru incident (which involved Klingon ships under Romulan control), was the final straw which led to the Earth/Romulan war. Also in the novel, Kojiro Vance was gay as hell and dressed like a pirate.

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FASA's Lotus Flower-class carrier (from their Star Trek III Sourcebook Update, 1984) actually appeared VERY briefly on-screen in early TNG, as Data read through computer files crazy fast. In FASA lore, the Kobayashi Maru existed only as part of the infamous simulation, there was no "real" ship.

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In 1989 Julia Ecklar's novel The Kobayashi Maru would be released, telling the story of Kirk, Scotty and Sulu's attempts at the Kobayashi Maru scenario. On the cover is a Tritium-class ship from the Goldstein's 1980 Star Trek Spaceflight Chronology (a class infamous for it's "insurmountable design flaws")

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This is the U.S.S. Kobayashi Maru ECS-1022 as she appeared in Star Trek (2009), the first time we actually see the ship itself in canon.

The registry starting with ECS prefix is a reference to Star Trek: Enterprise, where cargo vessels had names proceeding with E.C.S., for "Earth Cargo Service"

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Here's how she appears in Star Trek Online, based on early concept art for the 2009 movie version without the central hull

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Star Trek Prodigy's 2022 version ("Kobayashi") is based on the Star Trek Online version which is based on concept art for the 2009 version which is based on a 1983 fan published blueprint set.

star trek kobayashi maru
Standard Model of Cosmology Survives a Telescope’s Surprising Finds The cracks in cosmology were supposed to take a while to appear. But when the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) opened its lens last spring, extremely distant yet very bright...

Standard Model of Cosmology Survives a Telescope’s Surprising Finds

The cracks in cosmology were supposed to take a while to appear. But when the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) opened its lens last spring, extremely distant yet very bright galaxies immediately shone into the telescope’s field of view. “They were just so stupidly bright, and they just stood out,” said Rohan Naidu, an astronomer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.The galaxies’ apparent distances from Earth suggested that they formed much earlier in the history of the universe than anyone anticipated. (The farther away something is, the longer ago its light flared forth.) Doubts swirled, but in December, astronomers confirmed that some of the galaxies are indeed as distant, and therefore as primordial, as they seem. The earliest of those confirmed galaxies shed its light 330 million years after the Big Bang, making it the new record-holder for the earliest known structure in the universe. That galaxy was rather dim, but other candidates loosely pegged to the same time period were already shining bright, meaning they were potentially humongous.

Source: quantamagazine.org
jwst astronomy space cosmology